Matter is Everywhere! Main Idea and Key Details

Which two statements best represent the main ideas of the text on pages 6–9?

• All matter is invisible to the human eye because it is made of tiny particles called atoms.

• Matter is anything that has mass and volume, existing in three distinct states: solid, liquid, and gas.

• Physical changes, often caused by changes in energy, alter the appearance or state of matter without changing its chemical makeup.

• Adding heat to a solid always results in a chemical reaction that creates a brand-new substance.

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Which statement represents the main idea of the section 'Matter Is Everywhere!' on pages 6–7?

• Scientists use tools like microscopes to see the tiny particles that make up all living organisms.

• Solids are the only form of matter that can maintain a definite shape and a definite volume.

• Everything in the world is made of matter, which consists of tiny particles that are arranged differently in solids, liquids, and gases.

• Air is a special type of matter that does not take up any space because its particles are invisible.

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The text concludes that the physical state of matter depends on the behavior and arrangement of its particles. Which sentence from the passage best supports this conclusion?

• Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

• The particles in a solid are packed tightly together, so they can barely move.

• Any change in a physical property is called a physical change.

• The parts of the salad are changing size, shape, and position...

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Read this quote from page 9: 'In each state, the water molecules maintain their fixed ratios of two parts hydrogen atom to one part oxygen atom.' What does this quote show about water as it changes from ice to steam?

• Water becomes a new chemical substance when it is heated to its boiling point.

• The ratio of atoms in water changes depending on how much energy is added.

• Even though water changes its physical state, its chemical composition remains exactly the same.

• Water is the only substance on Earth that can exist in three different states at once.

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Which is the best summary of the information provided on pages 6–9?

• Matter is made of atoms and can be measured by traits like conductivity and reflectivity. When you make a salad, you are creating a mixture, which is a type of physical change that can be reversed.

• All matter has mass and volume and is found in three states—solid, liquid, or gas—depending on particle arrangement. These states can change through physical processes, such as adding or removing energy, while the substance itself stays the same.

• John Dalton was the scientist who first discovered that atoms are indestructible particles. His theory explains why liquid rock can flow like lava and why water vapor is invisible to the eye when it is in a gaseous state.

• Physical changes occur when you tear paper or chop a carrot, but chemical changes occur when atoms rearrange to form something new. Energy like heat makes particles move slower and come closer together.

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