Viral Takeover: How tiny Particles Hijack Cells

What is the unique feature of retroviruses?

• They follow the central dogma of molecular biology.

• They reverse the flow of genetic information from RNA to DNA.

• They replicate faster than other viruses.

• They use tail fibers to attach to host cells.

What is the primary characteristic of viruses that differentiates them from living cells?

• They can reproduce independently.

• They can carry out metabolism.

• They rely entirely on a host cell to reproduce.

• They maintain homeostasis.

What is the protein coat surrounding a virus's genetic material called?

• Lipid envelope

• Capsid

• Sheath

• Tail fiber

What type of genetic material can viruses contain?

• DNA only

• RNA only

• DNA or RNA, but never both

• Both DNA and RNA simultaneously

What is the main reason RNA viruses mutate more frequently than DNA viruses?

• RNA is less stable than DNA.

• RNA viruses replicate slower.

• RNA viruses use reverse transcriptase.

• RNA viruses lack a capsid.

Which enzyme is used by retroviruses to convert their RNA into DNA?

• DNA polymerase

• Reverse transcriptase

• RNA polymerase

• Ligase

What is the first step in the lytic cycle of a virus?

• Injection

• Assembly

• Attachment

• Lysis

What happens during the lysis stage of the lytic cycle?

• The virus attaches to the host cell.

• The host cell bursts open, releasing new viruses.

• The virus injects its genetic material into the host cell.

• Viral proteins are assembled inside the host cell.

What is the role of tail fibers in bacteriophages?

• To replicate genetic material

• To attach to specific host cells

• To produce viral proteins

• To form the lipid envelope

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• RNA to DNA to RNA

• Protein to RNA to DNA

• DNA to Protein to RNA