Navigating the Cell Cycle: Key Concepts and Steps

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a typical human cell?

• 92

• 46

• 12

• 23

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• M phase

• G2 phase

What is the main purpose of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

• To initiate cytokinesis

• To check for DNA damage

• To ensure the cell is ready for DNA replication

• To ensure proper chromosome alignment

Which phase of mitosis involves the chromosomes lining up at the metaphase plate?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

• Chromosomes condense

• Sister chromatids separate

• Chromosomes align at the center

• Nuclear envelope reforms

What is the result of mitosis?

• Four genetically different cells

• Two genetically identical daughter cells

• Two genetically different cells

• Four genetically identical cells

What unique event occurs during prophase I of meiosis that increases genetic variability?

• Cytokinesis

• Chromosome alignment

• Chromosome duplication

• Crossing over

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

• Telophase I

• Prophase I

• Metaphase I

• Anaphase I

How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

• Eight

• Six

• Four

• Two

What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

• Mitosis produces four cells, meiosis produces two

• Mitosis occurs in gametes, meiosis occurs in somatic cells

• Mitosis involves crossing over, meiosis does not

• Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, meiosis produces genetically different cells