Exploring Major Evolutionary Transitions

What is a major evolutionary transition?

• A large jump in complexity

• A slight adjustment in how joints fit together

• A shift in habitat

• A change in diet

Who formalized the idea that the human body is a collection of individual living cells?

• Charles Darwin

• Gregor Mendel

• Theodor Schwann

• Lynn Margulis

What is the main difference between the cells of the first sea sponges and the cells in your body today?

• Size

• Shape

• Ability to survive on their own

• Color

What are mitochondria?

• Tiny structures inside cells that were once free-living bacteria

• Parts of the cell that store water

• Structures that produce proteins

• Components that help in cell division

What do mitochondria produce that is essential for cell energy?

• ATP molecules

• Glucose

• Proteins

• Lipids

What are viroids?

• Single free-living genes

• Bacteria

• Viruses

• Single-celled organisms

What is the cause of major evolutionary transitions according to the video?

• Competition

• Cooperation

• Isolation

• Mutation

What happens when a group of organisms becomes locked into cooperation?

• They stop reproducing

• They migrate to a new habitat

• They form a new superorganism

• They become extinct

What did the 1998 experiment with protists and algae demonstrate?

• Algae can only reproduce in isolation

• Protists cannot survive without algae

• Algae can evolve to form multicellular groups

• Protists can digest all types of algae

What did the 2011 experiment with yeast show?

• Yeast cannot survive in groups

• Yeast cells are identical in function

• Multicellular colonies can evolve division of labor

• Yeast cannot form multicellular colonies