Exploring Amino Acids and Their Biological Significance

What is the primary role of DNA in organisms?

• To store genetic information

• To produce energy

• To signal hormones

• To transport molecules

What is the process called when DNA is used to create messenger RNA?

• Transcription

• Mutation

• Replication

• Translation

Which molecule is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

• DNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• mRNA

What are proteins primarily made up of?

• Fatty acids

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

• Carbohydrates

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

• Transporting oxygen

• Muscle contraction

• Storing genetic information

• Acting as enzymes

How many common amino acids are there in most biological systems?

• 40

• 30

• 20

• 10

What is the term used for the variable part of an amino acid that determines its properties?

• Carboxyl group

• R group

• Alpha carbon

• Amino group

What type of bond connects amino acids together to form proteins?

• Covalent bond

• Peptide bond

• Ionic bond

• Hydrogen bond

At physiological pH, what is the charge of the carboxyl group in an amino acid?

• Negative

• Neutral

• Positive

• Variable

What is a zwitterion?

• A molecule with both positive and negative charges but is overall neutral

• A molecule with only negative charge

• A molecule with only positive charge

• A molecule with no charge