Macedonian History and Military Innovations

The Macedonians, influenced by Greek culture, were seen as barbarians by the Greeks but served as a protective barrier. Philip of Macedonia revolutionized military tactics, creating the Macedonian phalanx. Under Philip II, Macedonia rose to power through strategic alliances and marriages, including to Olympia, mother of Alexander the Great. Athens viewed Macedonia as a threat, leading to tensions and eventual conflict, despite Philip's desire to unite Greek cities against Persia.

How did the Greeks perceive the Macedonians despite their cultural influences?

• As leaders

• As barbarians

• As allies

• As equals

What was the primary economic base of Macedonia?

• Fishing and shipbuilding

• Trade and commerce

• Agriculture and livestock

• Mining and metallurgy

What military formation did Philip of Macedonia innovate?

• The Roman legion

• The Macedonian phalanx

• The Spartan hoplite

• The Persian cavalry

What was a key feature of the Macedonian phalanx?

• Heavy armor

• Longer spears

• Archery support

• Short swords

Who was Alexander the Great's mother?

• Helen

• Artemisia

• Cleopatra

• Olympia

How did Philip II enhance Macedonia's prosperity?

• By building a navy

• Through gold trade

• By conquering Persia

• Through agriculture

What was Athens' reaction to Macedonia's growing power?

• They welcomed Philip as a leader

• They joined forces with Macedonia

• They sought alliances against Philip

• They ignored Macedonia

What was Philip II's ultimate goal regarding the Greek cities?

• To conquer them

• To isolate them

• To unite them against Persia

• To destroy them

Why did tensions between Macedonia and Greece escalate?

• Macedonia's desire to conquer Greece

• Greek cities' refusal to be led by Macedonia

• Macedonia's alliance with Persia

• Greek cities' internal conflicts

What was the outcome of the growing tension between Macedonians and Greeks?

• A cultural exchange

• Inevitable war

• A trade agreement

• Peaceful negotiations