Rousseau's Concepts of Democracy and Equality

Geoff Pynn discusses Rousseau's defense of democracy, contrasting it with Plato's views. Rousseau argues that only a democratic society can justify state authority through the concept of the general will, which represents the common good. He emphasizes the need for education and equality to ensure citizens vote with the general will in mind. However, Rousseau's vision is critiqued for its demanding nature and potential conflicts, questioning the reconciliation of state authority with individual freedom.

What was Plato's main criticism of democracy?

• It encourages civic virtue.

• It results in societal disaster.

• It leads to individual freedom.

• It promotes economic equality.

According to Rousseau, what is the 'general will'?

• The will of the ruling elite.

• What is best for everyone in society.

• The sum of individual interests.

• The majority's preference.

How does Rousseau suggest we discover the general will?

• By discussing and voting on what is best for all.

• By following traditional customs.

• Through individual reflection.

• By consulting experts.

What is essential for citizens in a truly democratic society, according to Rousseau?

• A strong military presence.

• Extensive education in patriotism and civic virtue.

• A focus on economic growth.

• A hierarchical social structure.

Why does Rousseau believe economic equality is important in a democracy?

• To promote individual wealth.

• To support the ruling class.

• To prevent conflicts of interest.

• To ensure everyone can buy what they want.

What is a potential issue with Rousseau's idea of equality?

• It eliminates all conflicts.

• It is easily achievable in modern states.

• It guarantees happiness for all.

• Conflicts can still arise among equals.

How does Rousseau propose to handle dissent from the general will?

• By encouraging open debate.

• By allowing freedom of speech.

• By considering it treasonous.

• By ignoring it.

What role does public education play in Rousseau's democratic society?

• It is unnecessary.

• It is crucial for instilling civic virtue.

• It is only for the elite.

• It focuses on economic skills.

What is a critique of Rousseau's democratic system?

• It ignores the role of the state.

• It does not value individual freedom.

• It requires all laws to be established through popular vote.

• It is too lenient.

What paradox does Rousseau's idea of being 'forced to be free' present?

• Freedom is irrelevant in a democracy.

• Freedom is only for the majority.

• Freedom can be imposed by force.

• Freedom is not valuable.