Sapphires: A Fair Trade?

In the early 1990s, Ilakaka's population surged from under 50 to nearly 60,000 due to a sapphire mine discovery. However, mining in Madagascar is perilous, with unsafe conditions leading to frequent fatalities. Despite the mine's $30 million annual value, miners earn just $1.50 daily. The gem market is dominated by foreign dealers, leaving Malagasy people impoverished as wealth exits the country. The local population sees little benefit from the sapphire rush beneath their feet.

What was the primary reason for the population boom in the town during the 1990s?

• The establishment of a new university

• The opening of a new international airport

• The construction of a major highway

• The discovery of a large sapphire mine

What is one of the major risks faced by miners in Madagascar?

• Exposure to toxic chemicals

• Lack of proper lighting

• Unsupported shafts and unreliable air supply

• Wild animal attacks

Why are many families unable to recover the bodies of miners who die in accidents?

• The government prohibits body recovery

• The bodies are taken by international companies

• The families are too poor to afford recovery

• The bodies are too deep underground

How much can miners expect to earn per day in the sapphire mines?

• $20.00

• $1.50

• $5.00

• $10.00

Who primarily runs the local gem markets in Ilakaka?

• Local Malagasy traders

• Thai, Sri Lankan, European, and American dealers

• African Union representatives

• Chinese investors