Empress Matilda part 10: King Stephen vs. Empress Matilda

The transcript details Matilda's struggle to claim the English throne during the 19-year Anarchy. After her father's death, Matilda, with the support of her half-brother Robert of Gloucester, returns to England in 1139. Despite Stephen's control over the southern harbors, Matilda finds an ally in Adeliza at Arundel Castle. Stephen underestimates Matilda, focusing on capturing Robert. Bishop Henry's actions, possibly motivated by personal ambitions, play a crucial role in the unfolding civil war. Matilda's presence in England strengthens her position, rallying support from those loyal to her father and new allies like Brian Fitzgerald and Miles of Gloucester.

What event triggered the civil war known as the 19-year Anarchy?

• The death of King Henry I

• Stephen's coronation as king

• Robert of Gloucester's declaration for Matilda

• Matilda's marriage to Geoffrey

Why was Arundel Castle significant in Matilda's campaign?

• It was Matilda's childhood home

• It was a strategic fortress with its own port

• It was the site of Stephen's coronation

• It was the location of Matilda's marriage

What was the relationship between Adeliza and Matilda?

• Adeliza was Matilda's sister

• Adeliza was Matilda's stepmother

• Adeliza was Matilda's cousin

• Adeliza was Matilda's aunt

What was rumored about Stephen's brother Henry's actions?

• He blocked all roads to capture Robert

• He planned to overthrow Stephen

• He made a peace pact with Robert

• He secretly supported Matilda

Why did Bishop Henry argue for Matilda to join Robert in Bristol?

• To strengthen Matilda's claim to the throne

• To consolidate the enemy in one location

• To negotiate peace with Stephen

• To protect Matilda from Stephen

What was the significance of Brian Fitzgerald and Miles of Gloucester in Matilda's campaign?

• They were her personal guards

• They were key supporters with significant influence

• They were spies for Stephen

• They were her financial backers

What was debated about the support Matilda received?

• Whether it was due to her personal charisma

• Whether it was due to loyalty to her father

• Whether it was due to her wealth

• Whether it was due to her military strength