Lipid Biosynthesis | Fatty Acid Biosynthesis 1: Generate Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA

The video explains the biosynthesis of fatty acids, focusing on the transport of acetyl CoA from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, where synthesis occurs. It highlights the role of citrate as an intermediate transporter and the conversion of citrate to acetyl CoA by citrate lyase. The video also discusses the importance of NADPH in fatty acid synthesis, detailing its production through malate dehydrogenase and the pentose phosphate pathway. The video concludes with a preview of the next topic, which involves the carboxylation of acetyl CoA.

Where does the biosynthesis of fatty acids primarily occur?

• Golgi apparatus

• Mitochondrial matrix

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

Why is it important to separate the catabolic and biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids?

• To enhance enzyme activity

• To avoid interference between breakdown and synthesis

• To increase cellular respiration

• To prevent energy loss

What is the precursor molecule for fatty acid synthesis?

• Acetyl CoA

• Citrate

• Malate

• Pyruvate

How is acetyl CoA indirectly transported from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm?

• Through direct transport of acetyl CoA

• Via citrate transport

• By converting it to pyruvate

• Using a special acetyl CoA transporter

Which enzyme converts citrate to acetyl CoA in the cytoplasm?

• Citrate lyase

• Malate dehydrogenase

• Citrate synthase

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase

What is one of the main sources of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis?

• Electron transport chain

• Pentose phosphate pathway

• Krebs cycle

• Glycolysis

What role does malic enzyme play in fatty acid synthesis?

• It catalyzes the Krebs cycle

• It transports malate into the mitochondria

• It produces NADPH

• It converts acetyl CoA to citrate