Understanding Genetic Variants and their Impact on Proteins and Phenotypes

The video explains how DNA codes for proteins and the role of genetic variants, also known as mutations, in altering DNA sequences. It discusses the impact of these variants on coding and non-coding DNA, affecting protein structure and function. Genetic variants can lead to changes in phenotype by altering amino acid sequences or influencing RNA polymerase binding, thus affecting protein production.

What does a sequence of three DNA bases code for?

• An amino acid

• A gene

• A protein

• A chromosome

What is another term commonly used for genetic variants?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Mutation

• Replication

How can a genetic variant affect an enzyme?

• By changing its active site shape

• By increasing its size

• By altering its color

• By making it more soluble

What is the observable characteristic of an individual called?

• Phenotype

• Genotype

• Genome

• Allele

What is the role of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?

• To degrade proteins

• To replicate DNA

• To create mRNA from DNA

• To bind amino acids

What can a genetic variant in non-coding DNA affect?

• The length of the DNA strand

• The color of the protein

• The binding of RNA polymerase

• The shape of the DNA

What is the primary function of non-coding DNA?

• To replicate chromosomes

• To regulate gene expression

• To serve as junk DNA

• To code for proteins