Explanation and Animation of Protein Synthesis: Translation

The video tutorial explains the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, detailing the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins. It covers the three main steps: replication, transcription, and translation, with a focus on translation. The process of RNA splicing and preparation for translation is discussed, including the addition of a cap and polyadenylation. The tutorial describes how mRNA is translated into proteins in ribosomes, highlighting the roles of codons, anticodons, and tRNA. The translation mechanism is explained, including the formation of peptide bonds and the recycling of tRNA.

What is the main focus of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

• The flow of information from proteins to RNA

• The flow of information from RNA to DNA

• The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins

• The flow of information from proteins to DNA

What is the purpose of adding a cap to the mRNA strand?

• To help the mRNA leave the nucleus

• To help the mRNA attach to the ribosome

• To help the mRNA degrade

• To help the mRNA replicate

What are the expressed segments of mRNA that code for amino acids called?

• Anticodons

• Codons

• Exons

• Introns

What is the role of the small subunit of the ribosome?

• To hold the developing polypeptide

• To read and hold the mRNA in place

• To synthesize amino acids

• To degrade mRNA

What is a codon?

• A sequence of four nitrogenous bases

• A sequence of three nitrogenous bases

• A sequence of two nitrogenous bases

• A sequence of five nitrogenous bases

What signals the start of the polypeptide chain during translation?

• The ribosome

• The stop codon

• The start codon AUG

• The anticodon

What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?

• The tRNA starts the process again

• The mRNA is replicated

• The ribosome breaks apart and the protein is complete

• The ribosome continues to add amino acids