Terminal Voltage

The video tutorial explains terminal voltage, which is the measured voltage across a battery's terminals, and how it differs from electromotive force (EMF), the ideal potential difference. It discusses the internal resistance present in real batteries, which causes the terminal voltage to be less than the EMF when current flows. The tutorial provides a formula for calculating terminal voltage by subtracting the voltage drop across the internal resistance from the EMF. It highlights that as current increases, terminal voltage decreases, and the only time terminal voltage equals EMF is when no current flows. The video concludes with a summary of these concepts.

What is the main difference between terminal voltage and electromotive force (EMF)?

• There is no difference; they are the same.

• Terminal voltage is the measured voltage across a battery's terminals, while EMF is the ideal potential difference.

• Terminal voltage is always higher than EMF.

• EMF is the measured voltage across a battery's terminals, while terminal voltage is the ideal potential difference.

What symbol is typically used to represent the internal resistance of a battery?

• Upper case R

• Greek letter omega

• Lower case r

• Upper case I

How does internal resistance affect the terminal voltage of a battery?

• It increases the terminal voltage.

• It has no effect on the terminal voltage.

• It decreases the terminal voltage.

• It makes the terminal voltage equal to the EMF.

What happens to the terminal voltage as the current through a battery increases?

• The terminal voltage increases.

• The terminal voltage becomes equal to the EMF.

• The terminal voltage decreases.

• The terminal voltage remains constant.

Under what condition does the terminal voltage equal the EMF of a battery?

• When the battery is supplying maximum current.

• When the battery is fully charged.

• When the battery is not in an electric circuit.

• When the internal resistance is zero.