TED-Ed: Five fingers of evolution - Paul Andersen

The video explains the concept of evolution, defined as a change in the gene pool over time. It uses the example of red hair to illustrate how gene frequencies can remain stable or change, leading to evolution. The 'Five Fingers of Evolution' mnemonic helps remember the five processes that cause evolution: small population size, non-random mating, mutations, gene flow, and natural selection. Natural selection is unique as it leads to adaptation, making organisms better suited to their environment. The video also distinguishes between microevolution, small changes within a species, and macroevolution, which can lead to new species over time.

What is the primary definition of evolution as discussed in the video?

• The survival of the fittest

• The process of natural selection

• A change in the gene pool over time

• A change in the physical appearance of organisms over time

Which finger is used to remember the concept of population shrinkage?

• Thumb

• Middle finger

• Ring finger

• Little finger

What does the ring finger represent in the context of evolution?

• Mutation

• Gene flow

• Non-random mating

• Natural selection

Which process is the only one that leads to adaptation?

• Population shrinkage

• Mutation

• Gene flow

• Natural selection

Why is red hair considered an adaptation in northern climates?

• It increases resistance to cold temperatures

• It allows for better absorption of light and synthesis of vitamin D

• It provides better camouflage

• It enhances social interactions

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

• Microevolution refers to small changes, while macroevolution refers to the formation of new species

• Microevolution is faster than macroevolution

• Microevolution is a theory, while macroevolution is a fact

• Microevolution occurs in plants, while macroevolution occurs in animals

What does the video suggest about the ancestry of all living organisms?

• They have multiple common ancestors

• They share a single common ancestor

• They evolved independently

• They are unrelated