Nucleotide Metabolism | Degradation of IMP, AMP, & GMP

The video explains the degradation pathways of purine nucleotides IMP, GMP, and AMP, focusing on their conversion to xanthine and eventually uric acid. It highlights the role of enzymes like 5 prime nucleotidase and xanthine oxidase in these processes. The absence of urate oxidase in humans is discussed, linking it to evolutionary advantages and the antioxidant role of uric acid. The video also touches on the implications of uric acid accumulation, such as gout.

What is the initial enzyme involved in the degradation of AMP?

• Guanine deaminase

• Xanthine oxidase

• 5' nucleotidase

• Adenosine deaminase

Which molecule is formed after the removal of the ribose ring from inosine?

• Uric acid

• Hypoxanthine

• Xanthine

• Guanine

What is the role of xanthine oxidase in purine degradation?

• Converts inosine to hypoxanthine

• Converts xanthine to uric acid

• Removes phosphate from GMP

• Deaminates guanine

Why is uric acid the end product of purine metabolism in humans?

• Humans have a high purine diet

• Uric acid is a powerful antioxidant

• Uric acid is easily excreted

• Humans lack functional urate oxidase

What is the primary antioxidant in human blood?

• Glutathione

• Uric acid

• Vitamin C

• Vitamin E

How does uric acid contribute to human longevity?

• By reducing inflammation

• By enhancing metabolism

• By scavenging free radicals

• By promoting cell growth

What type of mutation is found in the urate oxidase gene in humans?

• Nonsense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• Silent mutation

• Missense mutation

What is the consequence of a splice site mutation in the urate oxidase mRNA?

• Formation of functional enzyme

• Enhanced protein function

• Improper mRNA splicing

• Increased uric acid degradation

What condition is caused by the crystallization of uric acid in the body?

• Arthritis

• Gout

• Osteoporosis

• Rheumatism

Where do uric acid crystals typically accumulate in the body?

• Liver and kidneys

• Heart and lungs

• Knees and toes

• Brain and spine