Homotopic, Enantiotopic, Diastereotipic, and Heterotopic Protons

The video tutorial by Professor Dave explains key terms in NMR spectroscopy: homotopic, enantiotopic, diastereotopic, and heterotopic. Using examples like ethane, butane, and nitrobenzene, the video illustrates how these terms describe the relationships between protons in molecules. It also covers how these relationships affect chemical shifts in NMR spectra, aiding in the interpretation of molecular structures. The tutorial concludes with an analysis of a complex molecule to demonstrate the application of these concepts.

In the context of NMR spectroscopy, why is it important to understand the relationships between protons?

How do chemical shifts differ between homotopic/enantiotopic protons and diastereotopic/heterotopic protons?

Provide an example of how to identify diastereotopic protons in a given molecule.