Photosynthesis Process and Key Reactions in Plant Cells

Photosynthesis captures solar energy to produce sugars in chloroplasts. It involves light-dependent reactions in thylakoids, where light energy excites electrons, creating a proton gradient for ATP production. NADPH is also formed, carrying electrons to the Calvin Cycle in the stroma, where CO2 is converted into sugars. ATP and NADPH power these reactions, with ADP and NADP returning to the light-dependent phase.

What is the primary function of photosynthesis?

• To capture energy from the sun to produce sugars

• To produce chlorophyll

• To convert oxygen into carbon dioxide

• To break down sugars into energy

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

• In the stroma

• In the thylakoid membrane

• In the cytoplasm

• In the mitochondria

What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?

• To absorb light energy and boost electrons to a higher energy level

• To synthesize glucose

• To convert ATP to ADP

• To transport protons across the membrane

What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

• ATP

• Oxygen

• NADP

• Water

What is chemiosmosis?

• The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain

• The synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide

• The flow of protons down their concentration gradient

• The conversion of NADPH to NADP

What is the main purpose of ATP synthase?

• To create ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

• To split water molecules

• To transport electrons

• To absorb light energy

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

• In the cytoplasm

• In the stroma

• In the thylakoid membrane

• In the mitochondria

What are the main products of the Calvin Cycle?

• Chlorophyll and glucose

• Oxygen and water

• Organic carbohydrates

• ATP and NADPH

What powers the reactions of the Calvin Cycle?

• ATP and NADPH

• Water

• Light energy

• Oxygen

What happens to ADP and NADP after the Calvin Cycle?

• They are converted into glucose

• They return to the light-dependent reactions

• They are used to produce oxygen

• They are stored in the chloroplast