The Intricacies of DNA Structure and Replication

DNA is a double helix composed of two complementary strands with bases A, C, G, and T. During replication, helicase separates the strands, forming a replication fork. Primase creates RNA primers for DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA strands. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is formed in Okazaki fragments. Exonuclease removes RNA primers, and DNA ligase seals the fragments, resulting in semi-conservative replication with one old and one new strand.

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

• Double helix

• Quadruple helix

• Single helix

• Triple helix

What is the complementary base for cytosine (C) in DNA?

• Guanine (G)

• Thymine (T)

• Adenine (A)

• Uracil (U)

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA strands during replication?

• Primase

• DNA polymerase

• Ligase

• Helicase

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

• It seals DNA fragments

• It synthesizes RNA primers

• It unzips the DNA strands

• It adds DNA bases

In which direction does DNA polymerase add new DNA bases?

• Both directions

• Random direction

• Five prime to three prime

• Three prime to five prime

What are the small chunks of DNA called that are synthesized on the lagging strand?

• Helices

• Nucleotides

• Okazaki fragments

• Primers

Which enzyme removes RNA primers during DNA replication?

• Primase

• Ligase

• Exonuclease

• Helicase

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

• It seals DNA fragments

• It unzips DNA strands

• It adds new DNA bases

• It synthesizes RNA primers

Why is DNA replication described as semi-conservative?

• Each new DNA molecule has two old strands

• Each new DNA molecule is identical to the original

• Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand

• Each new DNA molecule has two new strands