DNA Replication Concepts and Processes

The video explains DNA replication, focusing on its semi-conservative nature, where each new DNA molecule consists of one original and one new strand. It covers the structure of DNA, emphasizing the 5' to 3' directionality, and describes the initiation of replication at multiple points in eukaryotic chromosomes. The process involves complementary base pairing, with adenine pairing with thymine and guanine with cytosine. The video details the roles of leading and lagging strands, highlighting the formation of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. Key enzymes like helicase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase are discussed, along with the proofreading function of DNA polymerase to ensure accuracy.

Which model of DNA replication involves each new DNA molecule having one original and one new strand?

• Fragmented

• Semi-conservative

• Dispersive

• Conservative

In which direction does DNA replication occur?

• Both directions simultaneously

• Random

• 5' to 3'

• 3' to 5'

What is the role of the origin of replication in DNA replication?

• It terminates replication

• It mutates DNA

• It initiates replication

• It repairs DNA

Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Uracil

What could result from incorrect base pairing during DNA replication?

• A new cell

• A new chromosome

• A protein

• A mutation

What enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix?

• Helicase

• Primase

• DNA polymerase

• Ligase

What is the function of RNA primer in DNA replication?

• To terminate replication

• To mutate DNA

• To repair DNA

• To initiate replication

What are the short DNA fragments formed on the lagging strand called?

• Replication bubbles

• Polymerase fragments

• Leading fragments

• Okazaki fragments

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments?

• Primase

• Ligase

• Polymerase

• Helicase

What is the role of DNA polymerase in proofreading?

• It terminates replication

• It creates mutations

• It repairs mismatched bases

• It initiates replication