Prokaryotic Cell Structure And Function Explained

This video tutorial from Free Science Lessons covers the structure of prokaryotic cells, highlighting their differences from eukaryotic cells. It explains that prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are smaller and lack membrane-bound organelles. Their DNA is circular and not bound to histone proteins, and they may contain plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes. Prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes, a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and may have a slime capsule for protection. Additional structures include flagella for movement, pili for attachment, and nutrient stores. Mesosomes, once thought to aid in respiration, are now considered artefacts.

What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells have circular DNA.

• Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller.

• Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Where is the DNA located in prokaryotic cells?

• In the cytoplasm

• In the mitochondria

• In the nucleus

• In the Golgi apparatus

What are plasmids?

• Cell wall components

• Large chromosomes in eukaryotic cells

• Small loops of DNA in prokaryotic cells

• Protein synthesis sites

How do ribosomes in prokaryotic cells differ from those in eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic ribosomes are larger.

• Prokaryotic ribosomes are the same size.

• Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller.

• Prokaryotic ribosomes are not involved in protein synthesis.

What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?

• Lignin

• Peptidoglycan

• Chitin

• Cellulose

What is the function of a slime capsule in some bacteria?

• To store nutrients

• To protect against phagocytosis

• To aid in photosynthesis

• To assist in cell division

What is the role of a flagellum in prokaryotic cells?

• To aid in movement

• To conduct photosynthesis

• To store genetic material

• To synthesize proteins

What are pili used for in bacteria?

• To synthesize proteins

• To conduct photosynthesis

• To attach to surfaces and other bacteria

• To store nutrients

What was the initial belief about the function of mesosomes?

• They stored genetic material.

• They were involved in photosynthesis.

• They played a role in respiration.

• They were responsible for cell division.

What is the current understanding of mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?

• They are involved in protein synthesis.

• They are artifacts from cell preparation.

• They are essential for respiration.

• They are storage sites for nutrients.