Age of Imperialism

In the late 19th century, European powers colonized Africa for resources and markets. The Berlin Conference set rules for this division. Ethiopia, under Emperor Menelik II, resisted colonization, defeating Italy at the Battle of Adwa. Menelik modernized Ethiopia, establishing infrastructure, education, and services, preserving its independence alongside Liberia.

What was a primary reason for European powers to colonize Africa in the late 19th century?

• To promote tourism

• To spread democracy

• To establish religious missions

• To access natural resources

What was the Berlin Conference's role in the colonization of Africa?

• It ended the colonization of Africa

• It established trade routes in Africa

• It set ground rules for dividing Africa among European powers

• It promoted African independence

Which African country successfully resisted European colonization during the late 19th century?

• Nigeria

• South Africa

• Ethiopia

• Kenya

Who was the reforming emperor of Ethiopia during its resistance to colonization?

• Emperor Tewodros

• Emperor Haile Selassie

• Emperor Yohannes

• Emperor Menelik II

What was Menelik II's strategy to counter Italian colonization efforts?

• He surrendered to the Italians

• He built a strong army and resisted

• He sought help from the French

• He allied with the British

What was the significance of the Battle of Adwa?

• It marked the end of European colonization in Africa

• It was a major defeat for the British

• It was the first time an African army defeated a European army

• It led to the colonization of Ethiopia

What infrastructure project did Menelik II undertake to modernize Ethiopia?

• He established a national airline

• He built a dam on the Nile

• He constructed a railway linking Addis Ababa to Djibouti

• He developed a highway system

Which modern services did Menelik II introduce to Ethiopia?

• Electricity and telephone service

• Internet and mobile networks

• Television and radio

• Public transportation

What was one of Menelik II's contributions to Ethiopia's education system?

• He introduced online learning

• He built vocational schools

• He set up a western school system

• He established a university

Which African nation, besides Ethiopia, preserved its independence during European imperialism?

• Egypt

• Morocco

• Ghana

• Liberia