Biological Macromolecules and Their Functions

Mrs. Krauss introduces macromolecules, focusing on carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. She explains the elements involved, the process of polymerization, and the roles of these macromolecules in cells. Carbohydrates are discussed as energy sources, lipids as energy storage and membrane components, and nucleic acids as carriers of genetic information.

Which element is capable of forming four covalent bonds, making it essential for building long chains in organic molecules?

• Nitrogen

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

What is the process called when small molecules join to form a long chain, releasing water in the process?

• Oxidation

• Dehydration synthesis

• Reduction

• Hydrolysis

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

• Short-term energy supply

• Insulation

• Long-term energy storage

• Genetic information storage

Which of the following is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?

• Lactose

• Maltose

• Sucrose

• Cellulose

What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

• Starch

• Chitin

Which type of lipid is typically solid at room temperature due to tightly packed fatty acid chains?

• Saturated fats

• Trans fats

• Polyunsaturated fats

• Unsaturated fats

What is the primary role of lipids in cells?

• Long-term energy storage

• Catalyzing reactions

• Short-term energy supply

• Genetic information storage

What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids called?

• Amino acid

• Nucleotide

• Monosaccharide

• Fatty acid

Which nucleic acid is responsible for storing the genetic blueprint of an organism?

• mRNA

• RNA

• DNA

• ATP

What is the key structural difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA is made of amino acids, RNA is made of nucleotides

• DNA is single-stranded, RNA is double-stranded

• DNA contains uracil, RNA contains thymine

• DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded