Turkish Campaign and Baku Oil Fields

In 1918, Enver Pacha led Turkish forces into Eastern Turkey, taking advantage of the Russian withdrawal. Despite resistance from the Armenian National Army, the Turks advanced, capturing key locations. The oil-rich city of Baku became a focal point, with Germany and Britain both interested in its resources. The Ottoman Third Army reached Baku, facing a mixed defense of Russian, Armenian, and British forces. Despite initial setbacks, the Turks eventually captured Baku. Enver Pacha, driven by dreams of uniting Muslim regions, led his forces further, ultimately leading to his downfall and death in 1922.

What was the initial challenge faced by the Turkish forces in eastern Turkey?

• The Armenian National Army

• A lack of supplies

• The presence of Russian soldiers

• Harsh weather conditions

What strategic locations did the Turks capture early in their campaign?

• The capital of Armenia

• The port of Trap Zone and the city of Aires a Room

• The city of Istanbul

• The oil fields of Baku

Why were the Germans suspicious of the Turkish advance?

• They wanted to support the Armenians

• They were concerned about the oil fields in Baku

• They feared losing control over the region

• They had a secret alliance with the British

What was the significance of the oil fields in Baku?

• They were a neutral zone during the war

• They were the largest in Europe

• They were crucial for military fuel supplies

• They were a symbol of political power

What was the composition of the forces defending Baku?

• Only Russian troops

• A mix of Russian, Armenian, and Muslim forces

• Exclusively British forces

• Turkish and German troops

What was the outcome of the British effort to defend Baku?

• They were reinforced by additional troops

• They captured the Turkish commander

• They withdrew, and the city fell to the Turks

• They successfully defended the city

What was the British interest in Baku?

• To support the Turkish advance

• To negotiate peace with the Armenians

• To establish a new colony

• To gain control of the oil fields

What was Enver Pacha's vision after the success in the Caucasus?

• To form an alliance with the British

• To unite all Muslim people in Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia

• To retreat and consolidate power in Turkey

• To establish a new empire in Europe

What was the ultimate fate of Enver Pacha's army?

• It became the dominant force in the Middle East

• It was absorbed into the Soviet army

• It was reduced to a small group of followers

• It successfully united the Muslim regions

How did Enver Pacha's campaign end?

• He retired peacefully

• He was killed by Soviet troops

• He was captured by the British

• He was exiled to Germany