Genetic Engineering Concepts and Techniques

This video introduces genetic engineering, focusing on the manipulation of DNA to create recombinant DNA. It explains the human genome, gene cloning using plasmids, and the role of restriction enzymes like Eco R1 in cutting DNA at specific sequences. The video also covers the concept of sticky ends for DNA joining, the transformation process in bacteria, and the synthesis of proteins. Different types of restriction enzymes and their specific cutting sites are discussed, emphasizing the importance of using the same enzyme for successful DNA recombination.

What percentage of the human genome is made up of genes that code for proteins?

• 1%

• 10%

• 50%

• 99%

What is the role of plasmids in gene cloning?

• They are used to cut DNA at specific sites.

• They are enzymes that synthesize proteins.

• They serve as vectors to carry foreign DNA into bacteria.

• They are the main chromosomes in bacteria.

What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

• To replicate plasmids.

• To transcribe RNA from DNA.

• To cut DNA at specific sequences.

• To synthesize new DNA strands.

How do sticky ends contribute to the formation of recombinant DNA?

• They prevent DNA from being cut.

• They degrade unwanted DNA sequences.

• They synthesize new DNA strands.

• They allow DNA fragments to base pair and join together.

Why is it important to use the same restriction enzyme on both the plasmid and the DNA of interest?

• To ensure the DNA fragments have matching sticky ends.

• To enhance the transcription process.

• To increase the speed of DNA replication.

• To prevent the DNA from being degraded.

What is the main purpose of using DNA ligase in the formation of recombinant DNA?

• To replicate plasmids.

• To transcribe RNA from DNA.

• To seal phosphodiester bonds between DNA fragments.

• To cut DNA at specific sites.

Which of the following is NOT a restriction enzyme mentioned in the video?

• Ligase

• Bam H1

• Hind III

• Eco R1

What happens if different restriction enzymes are used on the plasmid and the DNA of interest?

• The DNA fragments will not match and cannot form recombinant DNA.

• The DNA will replicate faster.

• The plasmid will degrade.

• The DNA will be transcribed into RNA.

What is the role of RNA polymerase in the process of protein synthesis in bacteria?

• To synthesize proteins directly.

• To replicate plasmids.

• To cut DNA at specific sequences.

• To transcribe RNA from DNA.

Why is it important to consider introns and exons when expressing a human gene in bacteria?

• Introns are necessary for bacterial replication.

• Exons prevent DNA degradation.

• Bacteria cannot process introns, so only exons should be included.

• Introns enhance bacterial protein synthesis.