Mutations and Their Effects on Proteins

This video tutorial explains different types of mutations and their consequences on cells. It covers the role of DNA polymerase in mutation occurrence and introduces four types of mutations: silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift. The tutorial provides detailed explanations and visual examples to help understand how these mutations affect protein synthesis and cell function.

What is the primary role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

• To add nucleotides and proofread the DNA strand

• To unwind the DNA helix

• To synthesize RNA

• To repair damaged DNA

What is the frequency of errors made by DNA polymerase that are not corrected?

• One in every 1,000 bases

• One in every 100,000 bases

• One in every 100 bases

• One in every billion bases

Which type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein?

• Frameshift mutation

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

• Nonsense mutation

Which of the following is an example of a silent mutation?

• A change in DNA that shifts the reading frame

• A change in DNA that introduces a stop codon

• A change in DNA that results in a different amino acid

• A change in DNA that results in the same amino acid

What is the consequence of a missense mutation?

• It always results in a nonfunctional protein

• It may change the protein's function depending on the properties of the new amino acid

• It does not affect the protein at all

• It introduces a premature stop codon

What typically happens when a nonsense mutation occurs?

• The protein is elongated

• The protein is shortened due to a premature stop codon

• The protein gains a new function

• The protein remains unchanged

What is the effect of a nonsense mutation on protein synthesis?

• It causes the protein to be longer than usual

• It results in a truncated protein due to an early stop codon

• It has no effect on the protein

• It changes the protein's function without altering its length

How does a frameshift mutation affect the genetic code?

• It shifts the reading frame, altering the entire protein sequence

• It duplicates a section of the DNA

• It changes one amino acid in the protein

• It introduces a stop codon at the end of the sequence

In a frameshift mutation, what causes the reading frame to shift?

• A translocation of a nucleotide

• A duplication of a nucleotide

• An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide

• A substitution of one nucleotide

What is the potential outcome of a frameshift mutation?

• A protein with a completely different sequence

• A protein that is unaffected

• A protein with a single amino acid change

• A protein that is longer than normal