DNA Replication Processes and Enzymes

The video delves into the intricacies of DNA replication, focusing on the orientation of DNA strands and the role of various enzymes like DNA polymerase, DNA primase, and DNA ligase. It explains the importance of the five prime to three prime direction in replication and introduces Okazaki fragments, highlighting their formation and function. The video also covers the proofreading mechanisms of DNA polymerases to ensure accuracy in replication.

What do the terms 5' and 3' refer to in the context of DNA strands?

• The number of nucleotides in a strand

• The orientation of carbon atoms in the sugar backbone

• The length of the DNA strand

• The type of nitrogenous bases present

In which direction does DNA polymerase add new nucleotides during replication?

• 3' to 5'

• 5' to 3'

• Randomly

• Both directions simultaneously

What is the role of an RNA primer in DNA replication?

• To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase

• To terminate DNA replication

• To unzip the DNA strands

• To join Okazaki fragments

What are Okazaki fragments?

• Short DNA sequences synthesized on the leading strand

• Short DNA sequences synthesized on the lagging strand

• RNA sequences that initiate replication

• Enzymes that join DNA fragments

Which enzyme is responsible for assembling the RNA primer?

• DNA ligase

• DNA primase

• DNA polymerase 3

• DNA polymerase 1

What is the main function of DNA polymerase 3?

• To join Okazaki fragments

• To remove RNA primers

• To unzip the DNA strands

• To add new nucleotides and proofread DNA

How does DNA polymerase 1 contribute to DNA replication?

• By adding nucleotides to the leading strand

• By unzipping the DNA strands

• By removing RNA primers and replacing them with DNA

• By joining Okazaki fragments

What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

• To add nucleotides to the leading strand

• To remove RNA primers

• To join Okazaki fragments

• To unzip the DNA strands

What is the purpose of the proofreading mechanism in DNA replication?

• To terminate DNA replication

• To initiate DNA replication

• To ensure the accuracy of DNA replication

• To speed up the replication process

Which activity allows DNA polymerases to correct errors during replication?

• Helicase activity

• 3' to 5' exonuclease activity

• Ligase activity

• 5' to 3' exonuclease activity