Fractional Distillation and Hydrocarbon Uses

The video explains fractional distillation, a process involving a tall tower where heated crude oil is pumped in. The tower is hot at the bottom and cool at the top, allowing for the separation of crude oil into seven fractions based on boiling points. These fractions include residue, fuel oil, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, petrol, and gases, each with specific uses. The video also discusses the properties of molecules at different levels of the tower, highlighting differences in volatility, flow, and ignition.

What is the temperature at the bottom of the fractional distillation tower?

• 500 degrees centigrade

• 350 degrees centigrade

• 25 degrees centigrade

• 100 degrees centigrade

Which fraction is used as bitumen for roads and roofs?

• Kerosene

• Diesel

• Residue

• Fuel oil

What is the primary use of diesel collected during fractional distillation?

• Bottle gases

• Fuel for cars, buses, and trucks

• Chemical production

• Aircraft fuel

Which fraction is used as aircraft fuel?

• Naphtha

• Kerosene

• Petrol

• Residue

What is naphtha primarily used for?

• Bottle gases

• Road construction

• Fuel for ships

• Making chemicals

What characteristic do small molecules at the top of the tower have?

• Do not ignite easily

• High boiling point

• Low volatility

• Flow easily

Why do large molecules at the bottom of the tower not ignite easily?

• They have a high boiling point

• They are very volatile

• They have a low boiling point

• They flow easily