Expanded Octets and Electron Configurations

In this video, Mr. Boand explains how to construct electron dot formulas to illustrate covalent bonds, focusing on exceptions to the octet rule. He discusses elements like hydrogen, beryllium, and boron, which have fewer than eight valence electrons but are still stable. The video also covers elements in periods 3-7 that can expand their octets due to empty d orbitals, using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as an example. Finally, it explains why expanded octets are not possible for elements like oxygen, which lack the necessary d orbitals.

What is the main focus of the video tutorial?

• Explaining the properties of metals and non-metals.

• Understanding chemical reactions and equations.

• Discussing the periodic table and its elements.

• Constructing electron dot formulas and explaining exceptions to the octet rule.

Why is hydrogen considered stable with only two valence electrons?

• It has a high atomic number.

• It can form multiple bonds with other elements.

• It has a full outer shell naturally.

• It can share its single electron to complete its valence level.

Which element can have a maximum of four valence electrons?

• Carbon

• Boron

• Beryllium

• Nitrogen

What allows elements in periods 3 through 7 to expand their octets?

• Ability to form ionic bonds.

• Higher atomic mass.

• Presence of additional protons.

• Presence of empty d orbitals.

How many electron pairs can elements in periods 3 through 7 have around their central atom?

• Four or five

• Five or six

• Two or three

• Seven or eight

In the example of SF6, how many pairs of electrons does sulfur have?

• Six pairs

• Seven pairs

• Five pairs

• Four pairs

What is the electron configuration of sulfur that allows it to form six bonds?

• Two electrons in 3s and four in 3p

• Two electrons in 2s and four in 2p

• Three electrons in 3s and three in 3p

• Four electrons in 3s and two in 3p

Why can't oxygen expand its octet like sulfur?

• It is a noble gas.

• It lacks 2D orbitals for additional electrons.

• It has a full outer shell.

• It has a lower atomic number.

What is the valence electron configuration of oxygen?

• Two electrons in 3s and four in 3p

• Two electrons in 2s and four in 2p

• Three electrons in 2s and three in 2p

• Four electrons in 2s and two in 2p

Which elements are capable of having expanded octets?

• Only transition metals

• Elements in periods 3 through 7

• Only noble gases

• Elements in periods 1 and 2