DNA Structure and X-ray Diffraction

The video discusses Rosalind Franklin's pivotal role in discovering DNA's double helix structure through X-ray diffraction, despite not receiving a Nobel Prize. It explains how Franklin's Photograph 51 was created and demonstrates a similar experiment using visible light and a helical spring. The video also covers the science behind helix patterns and how X-rays reveal DNA's structure by interacting with phosphorus atoms, leaving other components invisible.

Who was the scientist that first determined the DNA molecule was a double helix?

• Francis Crick

• James Watson

• Rosalind Franklin

• Maurice Wilkins

What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to image DNA?

• Ultrasound Imaging

• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

• X-ray Diffraction

• Electron Microscopy

Why are X-rays used instead of visible light to image small objects like DNA?

• X-rays have a shorter wavelength

• X-rays have a longer wavelength

• X-rays are cheaper

• X-rays are safer to use

In the visible light experiment, what object is used to demonstrate the diffraction pattern?

• A DNA model

• A salt crystal

• A helical spring

• A graphite rod

What pattern is observed when a laser is shone through a helical spring?

• A square pattern

• A circular pattern

• An X pattern

• A triangular pattern

Why is the bright center dot blocked in the diffraction experiment?

• To prevent overexposure

• To enhance the X pattern

• To focus the laser

• To increase the wavelength

How does a helix appear when viewed straight on?

• Like a circle

• Like a square

• Like a sine wave

• Like a straight line

What does the X pattern indicate in the context of DNA structure?

• The color of the DNA

• The pitch of the DNA helix

• The width of the DNA

• The length of the DNA

What part of the DNA does X-ray diffraction primarily image?

• The sugar molecules

• The phosphorus atoms

• The hydrogen bonds

• The nitrogenous bases

What did Franklin's X-ray diffraction reveal about the DNA structure?

• It is a single helix

• It is a double helix

• It is a quadruple helix

• It is a triple helix