Biological Macromolecules and Their Functions

The video introduces macromolecules, emphasizing their large size and carbon content. It covers four types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates provide energy and structure, lipids store energy and act as barriers, proteins are made of amino acids and perform various functions, and nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are genetic materials that code for proteins. The video highlights the importance of these macromolecules in biological processes.

What is the significance of carbon in macromolecules?

• It forms ionic bonds with other atoms.

• It is only found in carbohydrates.

• It can combine with many types of atoms to form various shapes.

• It is the heaviest element in macromolecules.

Which of the following is a characteristic of carbohydrates?

• They are made of amino acids.

• They have one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for every carbon atom.

• They are always large molecules.

• They dissolve in water.

What are polysaccharides?

• Small sugar molecules.

• A type of protein.

• Large carbohydrate molecules.

• A type of lipid.

Which statement is true about lipids?

• They are always solid at room temperature.

• They include fats, oils, and waxes.

• They are primarily made of carbon and nitrogen.

• They dissolve easily in water.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids?

• Saturated lipids are liquid at room temperature.

• Saturated lipids have double bonds.

• Unsaturated lipids have double bonds.

• Unsaturated lipids are solid at room temperature.

What are the building blocks of proteins?

• Amino acids

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty acids

• Nucleotides

How many types of amino acids are used to build proteins?

• 10

• 20

• 30

• 40

What role does hemoglobin play in the body?

• It acts as a hormone.

• It stores energy.

• It carries oxygen.

• It breaks down carbohydrates.

What are nucleotides composed of?

• Amino acids, phosphate, and nitrogen base

• Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base

• Fatty acids, sugar, and nitrogen base

• Monosaccharides, phosphate, and nitrogen base

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

• To dissolve in water

• To act as hormones

• To code for and help build proteins

• To store energy