mRNA Processing and Function Concepts

The video explains the central dogma of molecular biology, detailing the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It covers DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes, highlighting the roles of DNA polymerase and messenger RNA. Exceptions to the central dogma, such as retroviruses, are discussed. The video also explains mRNA processing in eukaryotes, including the addition of a 5' cap, poly-A tail, and RNA splicing. Key terms like introns, exons, and spliceosome are defined, and the importance of these processes in genetic information flow is emphasized.

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• The flow of genetic information from RNA to DNA to protein

• The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein to RNA

• The flow of genetic information from protein to RNA to DNA

• The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

What is the process called when DNA makes a new copy of itself?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Splicing

• Replication

During transcription, what is the product formed from DNA?

• Protein

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

What is the main function of mRNA in the cell?

• To replicate DNA

• To degrade proteins

• To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• To synthesize lipids

In translation, what is mRNA converted into?

• Carbohydrates

• Protein

• Lipids

• DNA

Which process is an exception to the central dogma in retroviruses?

• RNA to Protein

• Protein to RNA

• DNA to RNA

• RNA to DNA

What is added to the 5' end of mRNA during processing in eukaryotes?

• Exons

• 5' cap

• Introns

• Poly-A tail

What is the purpose of the poly-A tail in mRNA?

• To initiate transcription

• To protect mRNA from degradation

• To convert mRNA into protein

• To splice introns

What is the role of spliceosome in mRNA processing?

• To add a poly-A tail

• To synthesize proteins

• To remove introns

• To add a 5' cap

In eukaryotic cells, what happens to introns during mRNA processing?

• They are added to the poly-A tail

• They are converted into exons

• They are translated into proteins

• They are removed by splicing