The video explores the fluidity of cell membranes, focusing on the roles of fatty acids and cholesterol. It explains how unsaturated fats increase fluidity in cold environments, while saturated fats stabilize membranes in warm conditions. Cholesterol modulates fluidity, ensuring membrane stability across temperature changes. The video also covers endocytosis and exocytosis, gated ion channels, the sodium-potassium pump, and sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters. Finally, it discusses cell adhesion molecules and their role in tissue formation.

What is the primary factor that influences the fluidity of cell membranes?

• The size of the cell

• The composition of fatty acids

• The amount of water in the cell

• The presence of proteins

How do unsaturated fatty acids affect membrane fluidity?

• They make the membrane more rigid

• They have no effect on fluidity

• They increase fluidity by preventing tight packing

• They decrease fluidity by packing tightly

What role does cholesterol play in cell membranes at high temperatures?

• It increases fluidity

• It stabilizes the membrane by reducing fluidity

• It has no effect

• It makes the membrane more permeable

Which process involves the cell membrane engulfing external particles to form a vesicle?

• Osmosis

• Diffusion

• Exocytosis

• Endocytosis

What is the function of voltage-gated ion channels?

• To synthesize proteins

• To transport glucose

• To store energy

• To regulate ion movement in response to membrane potential changes

How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to membrane potential?

• By breaking down proteins

• By transporting glucose

• By maintaining an electrochemical gradient

• By synthesizing ATP

What is the primary energy source for sodium-dependent glucose transporters?

• Sodium gradient

• Potassium gradient

• Direct ATP usage

• Cholesterol

Where are sodium-dependent glucose transporters particularly important?

• In the heart

• In the brain

• In the small intestine and kidney nephrons

• In the liver

What is the role of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

• To break down glucose

• To synthesize proteins

• To enable cell-to-cell adhesion and communication

• To transport ions

Which type of junction is formed by CAMs to prevent substances from passing between cells?

• Plasmodesmata

• Gap junctions

• Tight junctions

• Desmosomes