Australia's History and National Identity

Australia, known for its beauty and diversity, has a complex history. Initially inhabited by Aborigines, it was claimed by Captain James Cook for Britain in 1770. The British used Australia as a penal colony, transporting over 150,000 convicts. These convicts endured harsh conditions but contributed significantly to the country's development. Social reforms ended convict transportation in 1849, and free settlers began arriving. Australia eventually sought independence, becoming the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, while maintaining ties to Britain. Today, Australians reflect on their past with pride and curiosity.

Who were the first known settlers of Australia?

• European explorers

• American colonists

• Aborigines

• British convicts

What was the primary reason for sending convicts to Australia?

• To establish trade routes

• To spread Christianity

• To alleviate overcrowded British prisons

• To explore new lands

What type of labor did convicts primarily perform in Australia?

• Military service

• Agricultural and public works

• Teaching

• Mining

What was a common method for convicts to escape their harsh conditions?

• Disguising as settlers

• Breaking chains with work tools

• Bribing guards

• Hiding in supply ships

What significant change occurred in 1849 regarding convict transportation?

• It was limited to minor offenders

• It became voluntary

• It was officially ended

• It was expanded to other colonies

How did new settlers view the Aborigines and former convicts?

• With fear

• As inferior

• As equals

• With admiration

What was a key factor in the development of Australia's national identity?

• Introduction of new technologies

• Discovery of gold

• Desire for independence from Britain

• Increased immigration from Asia

In what year did Australia become the independent Commonwealth of Australia?

• 1849

• 1945

• 1788

• 1901

What type of government was established in Australia after gaining independence?

• Theocracy

• Dictatorship

• Democratic government

• Monarchy

How do Australians today view their history as a penal colony?

• With indifference

• With pride and curiosity

• With regret

• With shame