Cancer Biology Concepts and Mechanisms

The video explores a mysterious threat in the body, focusing on the cell cycle and its regulation. It distinguishes between tumours and cancer, explaining how cancer cells acquire traits like sustaining proliferative signaling and evading growth suppressors. The immune system's role in combating cancer is discussed, highlighting how cancer cells avoid immune destruction. The video also covers angiogenesis and metastasis, explaining how cancer cells induce blood vessel formation and spread to new locations.

What is the primary function of the Gap 1 (G1) phase in the cell cycle?

• Formation of blood vessels

• Cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis

• Cell division

• DNA replication

How do mutations in cells lead to cancer?

• By enhancing immune response

• By stopping cell division

• By making cells replicate uncontrollably

• By causing cells to shrink

What is the difference between a tumor and cancer?

• A tumor is malignant, while cancer is benign

• A tumor is a benign growth, while cancer is when the tumor becomes malignant

• A tumor spreads to other tissues, while cancer does not

• A tumor is always harmful, while cancer is not

Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?

• Sustaining proliferative signaling

• Increased production of growth suppressors

• Enhanced DNA repair

• Decreased cell size

How do cancer cells avoid destruction by the immune system?

• By downregulating MHC I expression

• By enhancing T cell activity

• By increasing MHC I expression

• By producing more antigens

What role does angiogenesis play in tumor growth?

• It decreases blood flow to the tumor

• It stops the tumor from growing

• It increases blood flow to the tumor, providing nutrients

• It prevents tumor cells from accessing nutrients

Why do cancer cells induce the formation of new blood vessels?

• To enhance immune response

• To decrease tumor size

• To reduce oxygen supply

• To increase nutrient and oxygen supply

What is metastasis in the context of cancer?

• The process of tumor cells dying

• The spread of cancer cells to form secondary tumors

• The shrinking of a tumor

• The initial formation of a tumor

How do cancer cells spread to other parts of the body?

• Through the digestive system

• By traveling through the lymph or blood

• By shrinking and disappearing

• By direct contact with other tissues

What happens when a tumor becomes malignant?

• It stops growing

• It becomes benign

• It can spread to other tissues

• It disappears