Observational vs Experimental Studies

The video explains the differences between observational studies and experiments, highlighting key terms such as subjects, variables, and factors. Observational studies involve observing subjects without manipulation, while experiments involve manipulating variables to determine causality. The video also distinguishes between retrospective and prospective observational studies and provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

What is the primary focus of this video tutorial?

• The role of technology in modern studies

• The difference between observational studies and experiments

• The history of mathematics

• The importance of singing in education

In a study, what term is used to describe the people being examined?

• Variables

• Experimental Units

• Subjects or Participants

• Factors

What is a factor in an experiment?

• A result of the experiment

• A variable that is observed but not manipulated

• A variable that is manipulated by the experimenter

• A constant that remains unchanged

What is a key limitation of observational studies?

• They cannot determine causality

• They require a large number of participants

• They are too expensive to conduct

• They are time-consuming

In an experiment, how are factors treated differently compared to observational studies?

• They are kept constant

• They are ignored

• They are deliberately manipulated

• They are observed but not manipulated

What distinguishes a retrospective study from a prospective study?

• Retrospective studies collect data from the past, while prospective studies collect data as events unfold

• Retrospective studies are more accurate

• Prospective studies are less expensive

• Retrospective studies require fewer participants

Which type of study involves collecting data as events unfold?

• Retrospective study

• Prospective study

• Experimental study

• Cross-sectional study

In the example of checking medication efficacy, what makes it an experiment?

• Participants are surveyed about their medication preferences

• Participants are observed without intervention

• Participants are randomly assigned medication use

• Participants are selected based on past medication use

What is the main goal of conducting experiments?

• To collect historical data

• To reduce research costs

• To determine causality

• To observe natural behaviors

What is a key takeaway about observational studies from the video?

• They are easier to conduct than experiments

• They do not prove cause and effect

• They can prove cause and effect

• They are more reliable than experiments