France, Carcassonne Medieval city

Carcassonne, located between historic trade routes, was recognized for its strategic importance by the Romans and later the Visigoths. Its fortifications were expanded over centuries, leading to its fame as a medieval fortress. The city relies on tourism, manufacturing, and winemaking. Carcassonne's fortifications include a barbican, bridges, and hoardings. Restoration efforts led by Eugene Viollet-Le-Duc preserved the site, which was almost demolished in the 19th century. The Chateau Comtal and Saint Nazaire Basilica are key historical sites, with the latter receiving basilica status in 1898.

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