The video explains the structure and function of the 26S proteasome, likening it to a molecular garbage can. It describes how ubiquitinated proteins are targeted for degradation, with the proteasome opening its lid to allow entry. The process involves ATP hydrolysis, which facilitates protein unfolding and cleavage into smaller peptides. The proteasome's unique threonine protease activity is highlighted, emphasizing its role in recycling proteins for amino acid reuse.

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