Why do governments impose taxes?

• To discourage consumption

• To generate revenue for public services

• To increase inflation

• To reduce population

What is the main goal of optimal taxation?

• To eliminate all taxes

• To ensure maximum revenue with minimal market disruption

• To increase consumer spending

• To maximize government control

Who is credited with developing the economic theory behind optimal taxation?

• Adam Smith

• John Maynard Keynes

• Milton Friedman

• Frank Ramsey

What does elasticity refer to in the context of taxation?

• The rigidity of market prices

• The flexibility of government policies

• The ability of a tax to generate revenue

• The measure of change in economic variables in response to other changes

Why is it more profitable to tax inelastic goods?

• Because they are consumed by the wealthy

• Because their demand does not change significantly with price

• Because they are luxury items

• Because they are easily substitutable

What is a characteristic of an optimal tax?

• It should be broad-based and low-rate

• It should be high to generate more revenue

• It should target luxury goods

• It should be unpredictable

What historical events are examples of tax-induced revolts?

• The French Revolution

• The Boston Tea Party and the Indian Salt March

• The Industrial Revolution

• The American Civil War

What does it mean for taxes to be equitable?

• They should be proportional to a person's ability to pay

• They should be the same for everyone

• They should be lower for businesses

• They should be higher for the wealthy

What are lump sum taxes?

• Taxes that change annually

• Taxes that vary with income

• Taxes with fixed rates applied to everyone

• Taxes on luxury goods

What is the purpose of Pigouvian taxes?

• To place a price on inefficient goods and improve market efficiency

• To support small businesses

• To increase government revenue

• To reduce consumer spending