Understanding B-Cell Activation and Humoral Response

What role do B cells play when you are bitten by a mosquito carrying a virus?

• They become inactive.

• They immediately produce antibodies.

• They destroy the virus directly.

• They recognize the virus and initiate an immune response.

How do B cells present antigens to other immune cells?

• By using MHC class II molecules.

• By using MHC class I molecules.

• By releasing them into the bloodstream.

• By engulfing the entire pathogen.

What is the result of the interaction between B cells and helper T cells?

• B cells directly attack pathogens.

• B cells produce cytokines.

• B cells undergo clonal expansion.

• B cells become inactive.

What happens during clonal expansion of B cells?

• B cells decrease in number.

• B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells.

• B cells change their antigen specificity.

• B cells become inactive.

What is the primary function of plasma cells?

• To directly kill pathogens.

• To remember past infections.

• To present antigens.

• To produce antibodies.

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

• Neutralizing viruses.

• Directly killing viruses.

• Triggering the complement system.

• Marking pathogens for destruction.

What is the role of memory B cells in the immune response?

• They trigger the complement system.

• They directly attack pathogens.

• They provide long-lasting immunity by remembering specific antigens.

• They produce antibodies immediately.

What is isotype switching in the context of B cells?

• Changing the class of antibody produced.

• Switching from one type of immune cell to another.

• Changing the type of antigen presented.

• Switching the location of the immune response.

How does affinity maturation enhance antibody effectiveness?

• By reducing the immune response time.

• By changing the type of antigen recognized.

• By refining the antibody's ability to bind more tightly to antigens.

• By increasing the number of antibodies produced.

Which process helps antibodies bind more effectively to antigens?

• Clonal expansion.

• Antigen presentation.

• Affinity maturation.

• Isotype switching.