What is the primary focus of ecology?

• The study of individual organisms in isolation.

• The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environments.

• The study of Earth's geological history.

• The study of the chemical composition of the atmosphere.

Which of the following represents the largest scale of ecological study, encompassing all regions of the planet occupied by living organisms?

• Organism

• Ecosystem

• Biosphere

• Population

Which of the following is defined as the rigid outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle?

• Atmosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Lithosphere

• Cryosphere

Which of the following is considered a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

• Sunlight

• Water

• Fungi

• Air

What is the primary focus of an organism ecologist?

• Studying groups of organisms of the same species.

• Understanding the flow of energy and nutrient recycling in an area.

• Examining the physiological traits and behaviors of individual organisms.

• Analyzing global patterns in climate and species distribution.

Which of the following best describes a population in ecology?

• All living organisms and non-living components in a specific area.

• A single individual organism, such as a pine tree.

• All the populations of different species living in a given area.

• A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time.

What does a biological community encompass?

• Only the non-living components of an environment.

• All the populations of different species that live in a given area.

• A single species adapting to its environment.

• The entire Earth viewed as an ecological system.

What do ecologists studying an ecosystem primarily focus on?

• The physiological traits and behaviors of individual organisms.

• The size, densities, and structures of single-species groups.

• The flow of energy and recycling of nutrients, including abiotic factors.

• Global patterns in climate and species distribution across the planet.