B1.1 Carbohydrates and Lipids

Which elements are found in carbohydrates, and what are their primary roles?

• Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen; provide energy and structural support.

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen; provide energy, store energy, and structural support.

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen; store energy and transport nutrients.

• Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorus; provide structural support and genetic information.

What is the key difference between hexose and pentose monosaccharides?

• Hexoses have a linear structure, while pentoses have a ring structure.

• Hexoses contain six carbon atoms, while pentoses contain five carbon atoms.

• Hexoses are soluble, while pentoses are insoluble.

• Hexoses are used for energy storage, while pentoses are used for structural support.

What type of reaction joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is released during this process?

• Hydrolysis reaction; a water molecule is added.

• Condensation reaction; a water molecule is released.

• Oxidation reaction; energy is released.

• Reduction reaction; hydrogen atoms are added.

Why is glycogen more highly branched than amylopectin?

• To make it more soluble for easier transport in animals.

• To allow for more compact storage in plant cells.

• To provide more ends for enzymes to rapidly hydrolyze glucose in metabolically active animals.

• To increase its structural rigidity in animal cell walls.

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What type of bonding contributes to the strength of cellulose?

• Ionic bonds

• Peptide bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Disulfide bonds

Which statement accurately describes lipids?

• They are polymers made of repeating monomer units.

• They are insoluble in water but soluble in less polar organic solvents.

• They contain more oxygen atoms than carbohydrates.

• They are primarily composed of amino acids.

How many water molecules are released during the formation of one triglyceride molecule from glycerol and fatty acids?

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

What characteristic describes a phospholipid molecule due to having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions?

• Hydrophobic

• Hydrophilic

• Amphipathic

• Isomeric