Charactersitics of Life

What are the three main domains of life into which all organisms are categorized?

• Fungi, Plants, Animals

• Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryote

• Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Viruses

• Autotrophs, Heterotrophs, Decomposers

Which of the following is an essential characteristic that is conserved across all forms of life?

• Endomembrane system

• Mitochondria

• Genetic code

• Chloroplasts

What does the universality and interchangeability of DNA across different organisms imply about life on Earth?

• Different life forms evolved independently.

• All life shares a common ancestor.

• DNA can only be transferred between closely related species.

• Genetic engineering is impossible.

According to the Central Dogma, what is the correct flow of genetic information within a cell?

• Protein -> RNA -> DNA

• RNA -> DNA -> Protein

• DNA -> RNA -> Protein

• DNA -> Protein -> RNA

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Which of the following metabolic pathways are used by living organisms to produce ATP?

• Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Anaerobic Respiration, Aerobic Respiration

• Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis

• Only Aerobic Respiration

• Only Anaerobic Respiration

What is a defining characteristic of a eukaryotic cell?

• It is a simple cell without internal structures.

• It has a nucleus that stores its DNA.

• It stores its DNA outside the cell membrane.

• It is always a multicellular organism.

How did the endomembrane system, which includes organelles like the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, likely form in eukaryotic cells?

• Through endosymbiosis with other cells.

• By the infolding of the plasma membrane.

• As independent organisms that were later incorporated.

• Spontaneously generated from cellular components.

What is the proposed origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

• They formed through the infolding of the plasma membrane.

• They evolved directly from the cell's nucleus.

• They originated from endosymbiosis with bacteria.

• They are newly evolved structures unique to eukaryotes.