Covalent and Ionic Bonding Concepts

What are protons?

• Subatomic particles with a negative charge

• Subatomic particles with a neutral charge

• Subatomic particles with a positive charge

• The combined amount of protons and neutrons

How many neutrons does a Beryllium (Be) atom have if its atomic number is 4 and its atomic mass is 9?

• 4

• 5

• 9

• 13

How many electrons can the first and second levels of an atom hold to become stable, respectively?

• 8 and 2

• 2 and 8

• 2 and 6

• 8 and 8

What is the primary goal of atoms forming covalent bonds?

• To transfer electrons to another atom

• To become stable by filling their electron levels

• To create a positive or negative charge

• To increase their atomic mass

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What is the primary characteristic of a covalent bond?

• Transfer of electrons

• Sharing of electrons

• Formation of ions

• Attraction between opposite charges

A sodium atom (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. How many neutrons does it have?

• 11

• 12

• 23

• 34

Before forming a bond, how many electrons are in the outermost shell of a chlorine atom, and is this shell stable?

• 2 electrons, stable

• 8 electrons, stable

• 7 electrons, unstable

• 17 electrons, unstable

When sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond, what happens to their charges?

• Both become positively charged

• Both become negatively charged

• Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative

• Sodium becomes negative and chlorine becomes positive