Cell Transport Mechanisms and Functions

What are some basic components found in almost all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

• Genetic material, cytoplasm, ribosomes

• Lysosomes, mitochondria, nucleus

• Cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles

• Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes

What is the primary role of the cell membrane in maintaining a stable internal environment for the cell?

• Producing energy

• Controlling what enters and exits the cell

• Storing genetic material

• Synthesizing proteins

The cell membrane is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer. What are the characteristics of the head and tail regions of a phospholipid?

• Both head and tail are polar

• Both head and tail are non-polar

• The head is polar and the tail is non-polar

• The head is non-polar and the tail is polar

Which type of transport allows small, non-polar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass directly through the cell membrane without requiring energy?

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active transport

• Simple diffusion

• Endocytosis

In passive transport, how do molecules move relative to their concentration gradient?

• From low to high concentration

• Against the concentration gradient

• From high to low concentration

• Independently of the concentration gradient

Which type of molecules typically require transport proteins to cross the cell membrane through facilitated diffusion?

• Small, non-polar molecules

• Large, polar molecules

• Water molecules only

• Lipid-soluble molecules

What is a key difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

• Facilitated diffusion requires energy, while simple diffusion does not

• Simple diffusion uses transport proteins, while facilitated diffusion does not

• Facilitated diffusion requires transport proteins, while simple diffusion does not

• Simple diffusion moves against the concentration gradient, while facilitated diffusion moves with it

What is the primary energy molecule used to power active transport, allowing molecules to move against their concentration gradient?

• Glucose

• ADP

• ATP

• Water

What is the process by which a cell takes in large molecules or substances by engulfing them and forming a vesicle?

• Exocytosis

• Simple diffusion

• Facilitated diffusion

• Endocytosis

Besides removing cell waste, what is another important function of exocytosis?

• Absorbing nutrients from the environment

• Producing energy for the cell

• Releasing valuable materials made by the cell

• Breaking down old cell parts