Latin American History and Independence

What were the three main institutions that controlled Latin American society before independence?

• The Spanish Crown, the Church, and Patriarchy

• The Military, the Education System, and the Merchant Class

• The Portuguese Crown, Indigenous Leaders, and Local Councils

• The Encomienda System, the Viceroyalties, and the Audiencias

What was the primary economic role of the colonies for the Spanish Crown?

• To establish new trade routes to Asia

• To produce revenue through taxes and resources

• To spread the Spanish language and culture

• To provide military bases for defense

How did the Catholic Church influence daily life in Latin American society?

• By controlling all political appointments

• By mandating a seven-day work week and dictating hours

• By managing all colonial trade and commerce

• By providing universal education for all citizens

What was a significant characteristic of patriarchy in Latin American society?

• Women had equal rights to inherit property

• Women were encouraged to pursue higher education

• Husbands had complete control over their wives

• Premarital relationships were equally punished for men and women

What term describes the blending of cultures, including European, Indigenous, and African, in Latin America?

• Assimilation

• Segregation

• Transculturation

• Colonialism

Which of the following was a mixed-race category in Latin America's social hierarchy?

• Peninsulares

• Creoles

• Mestizo

• Indigenous

What event prompted the Portuguese royal family to move to Brazil in 1807?

• A major earthquake in Lisbon

• Napoleon's invasion of Portugal

• A widespread slave revolt in Brazil

• Economic collapse in the Portuguese empire

What was a key characteristic of Brazil's independence from Portugal?

• It involved significant bloodshed and civil war

• It resulted in the immediate abolition of slavery

• It established a constitutional monarchy with the former prince as king

• It led to a complete overhaul of the existing social hierarchy

What significant political event occurred in Spain in 1820 that influenced its colonies?

• A new king was crowned.

• A liberal revolution limited the power of the Church.

• A French king took control of the throne.

• A conservative uprising restored absolute monarchy.

Why did Mexican elites, who previously supported Spain, decide to join forces with Creoles to push for independence?

• They sought to establish a more democratic government.

• They wanted to maintain their existing privileges and social status.

• They were inspired by the liberal reforms in Spain.

• They aimed to form a unified Latin American empire.