effects of Protestant Reformation

What was the primary goal of the Peace of Augsburg?

• To establish a unified European empire.

• To settle religious divisions resulting from the Protestant Reformation.

• To initiate a period of global expansion and piracy.

• To centralize state power among European monarchs.

What was a key reason European monarchs sought to centralize and professionalize state power?

• To promote religious tolerance across their kingdoms.

• To acquire more money for weaponry, infrastructure, and trade.

• To establish democratic institutions.

• To reduce the overall cost of governance.

What defines a theocracy, as exemplified by John Calvin's rule in Geneva?

• A system where religious leaders have no political influence.

• A state based on and run according to religious doctrine.

• A government that promotes individual freedom and secular laws.

• A monarchy where the king is also the head of the church.

What was a significant political outcome for England after Henry VIII declared himself the head of the Church of England?

• The establishment of a more democratic system of governance.

• A dramatic increase in the power of the state by combining secular and religious authority.

• A decrease in the overall wealth of the royal treasury.

• The immediate end to all religious conflicts within England.

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What significant religious change occurred in England after Mary I's death and Elizabeth I's ascension to the throne?

• England remained Catholic.

• England converted to Calvinism.

• England was restored to Protestantism.

• England adopted Gallicanism.

What was the primary objective of the Spanish Armada launched by Mary I's husband, Philip?

• To establish new trade routes to the Americas.

• To conquer France and expand the Spanish empire.

• To restore Catholic rule in England.

• To negotiate a peace treaty with Elizabeth I.

What term was used to describe the people in France who, influenced by Calvinism, destroyed religious statues?

• Huguenots

• Politiques

• Iconoclasts

• Gallicans

What was the purpose of the Edict of Nantes, issued by Henry IV of France in 1598?

• To declare Catholicism the sole religion of France.

• To establish a new French Protestant church.

• To grant religious freedom to Protestants in France.

• To ban all religious practices except Gallicanism.