Westward Expansion Crash Course

What characteristics of American culture did Frederick Jackson Turner attribute to the Western frontier?

• Beliefs in collectivism, social hierarchy, and agricultural dependence.

• Beliefs in individualism, political democracy, and economic mobility.

• Beliefs in communal living, spiritual harmony, and artistic expression.

• Beliefs in government intervention, industrial growth, and urban development.

How did the reality of Western settlement differ from the popular mythology of individual pioneers?

• Most Western settlers were wealthy individuals seeking adventure.

• Most Western settlers were members of families or immigrant groups.

• Most Western settlers were government agents sent to establish control.

• Most Western settlers were Native Americans returning to their ancestral lands.

What were two key ways railroads facilitated life and profitability in the American West?

• They provided entertainment and luxury goods, and offered fast travel for individuals.

• They enabled the transport of crops and goods to market, and connected settlers to industrial modernity.

• They served as military transport for conflicts with Native Americans, and brought in foreign investors.

• They created new jobs in construction and maintenance, and established new trade routes with Canada.

What was a significant consequence of the Dawes Act of 1887 for Native Americans?

• It granted Native Americans full citizenship and voting rights.

• It established large, protected reservations for all Native American tribes.

• It allotted tribal lands to individual families, leading to significant land loss.

• It promoted the preservation of traditional Native American customs and communal living.

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What was the primary goal of the Bureau of Indian Affairs' policy regarding Native American children in boarding schools?

• To preserve Native American cultural traditions.

• To integrate Native American children into white American society.

• To provide advanced education in tribal languages.

• To prepare children for leadership roles within their tribes.

What major development contributed to the end of open-range ranching by the mid-1880s?

• A decrease in the demand for beef.

• The widespread use of barbed wire fencing.

• A decline in the number of available cowboys.

• Government regulations restricting cattle movement.

Which statement accurately describes Western farming practices in the late 19th century?

• It primarily focused on subsistence farming for individual families.

• It was largely a family affair, producing crops for national and international markets.

• It relied heavily on traditional farming methods without modern technology.

• It was dominated by small, independent farmers competing locally.

By 1900, what characterized California's agricultural landscape, according to Henry George?

• A thriving system of small, independent family farms.

• Extensive reliance on dry farming techniques due to water scarcity.

• Large commercial farms and plantations owned by corporations.

• A focus on diverse, self-sufficient agricultural communities.