Ecology Review: Food Chains & Webs, Relationships, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, Effects on Biodiversity

What is one important role termites play in an ecosystem?

• They build large nests that provide shelter for other animals.

• They break down dead plant matter and return nutrients to the soil.

• They eat living plants, helping to control plant growth.

• They are apex predators, controlling populations of other insects.

In a food chain, what is the role of a producer?

• It eats other animals.

• It breaks down dead organisms.

• It makes its own food.

• It eats plants and animals.

If producers in an energy pyramid have 10,000 kilocalories of energy, how much energy would be available to the primary consumers?

• 100 kilocalories

• 1,000 kilocalories

• 10,000 kilocalories

• 100,000 kilocalories

In a food web, if the population of grasshoppers suddenly increased, what would likely happen to the plants they eat?

• The plant population would increase.

• The plant population would decrease.

• The plant population would stay the same.

• The plant population would become extinct.

What kind of relationship is it when a bat lives in a pitcher plant, and the bat gets a home while the plant gets nutrients from the bat's waste?

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

• Competition

What is the process called when nitrogen gas from the air is changed into ammonia or ammonium by bacteria, so plants can use it?

• Nitrification

• Ammonification

• Nitrogen Fixation

• Denitrification

Which process uses carbon dioxide from the air to make food and is done by plants and other producers?

• Cellular Respiration

• Photosynthesis

• Decomposition

• Burning Fossil Fuels

Which of these human activities can harm the variety of living things in an area?

• Recycling

• Planting trees

• Greenhouse gas emissions

• Composting

What happens to coral during coral bleaching?

• The coral grows faster and becomes stronger.

• The coral polyps expel the algae living inside them.

• The ocean water becomes colder, making the coral turn white.

• The coral changes color to attract more fish.

What happens to the ocean's chemistry when it absorbs too much carbon dioxide?

• The ocean becomes more alkaline (higher pH).

• The ocean becomes more acidic (lower pH).

• The ocean water becomes clearer.

• The ocean water becomes saltier.