Carnot Engine Efficiency and Work

How is the efficiency of an engine defined?

• Work done divided by heat output

• Heat input divided by work done

• Work done divided by heat input

• Heat output divided by heat input

What is the change in internal energy (ΔU) for a complete Carnot cycle?

• Equal to the net heat applied

• Equal to the net work done

• Zero

• Dependent on the initial and final temperatures

In a complete Carnot cycle, how is the work done (W) related to the heat input (Q1) and heat output (Q2)?

• W = Q1 + Q2

• W = Q2 - Q1

• W = Q1 - Q2

• W = Q1 / Q2

Which of the following is an alternative formula for the efficiency (η) of a Carnot engine?

• η = 1 + Q2/Q1

• η = Q1 - Q2

• η = Q2/Q1 - 1

• η = 1 - Q2/Q1

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What does the area under the pressure-volume (P-V) curve represent during a thermodynamic process?

• Change in internal energy

• Heat transferred

• Work done

• Efficiency

What is the formula for the heat absorbed (Q1) during an isothermal expansion from volume VA to VB at temperature T1?

• nRT1 * ln(VB/VA)

• nRT1 * ln(VA/VB)

• nR * (VB - VA)

• P * (VB - VA)

What is the formula for the heat rejected (Q2) during an isothermal compression from volume VD to VC at temperature T2?

• nRT2 * ln(VD/VC)

• nRT2 * ln(VC/VD)

• nR * (VC - VD)

• P * (VC - VD)

What is the efficiency (η) of a Carnot engine operating between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 and a cold reservoir at temperature T2?

• 1 - (T1 / T2)

• 1 - (T2 / T1)

• (T1 - T2) / T2

• (T2 - T1) / T1