The Age of exploration

What was a significant consequence of the Ottoman Empire's capture of Constantinople in 1453 for European kingdoms?

• It led to a decline in European naval power.

• It forced European kingdoms to find new trade routes to Afro-Eurasia.

• It resulted in the immediate collapse of the Portuguese monarchy.

• It caused a widespread famine across Western Europe.

What resources did the Portuguese primarily seek and find along the Atlantic coast of Africa in the mid-15th century?

• Diamonds, copper, and exotic fruits.

• Food, salt, gold, and enslaved people.

• Silver, spices, and rare timber.

• Oil, textiles, and precious gems.

What was the primary difference in how the Portuguese and Spanish Empires initially sought to extract wealth?

• The Portuguese focused on establishing colonies, while the Spanish controlled trade routes.

• The Portuguese focused on controlling shipping and trade routes, while the Spanish established colonies.

• The Portuguese relied on agricultural exports, while the Spanish focused on mining.

• The Portuguese sought alliances with local rulers, while the Spanish engaged in direct conquest.

From the perspective of indigenous people living in colonized communities, what were some of the significant impacts of colonization?

• Increased access to new technologies and improved living standards.

• The loss of land, life, religious beliefs, and community assets.

• Opportunities for political leadership and self-governance.

• The establishment of equitable trade partnerships.

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What was the outcome of Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation voyage between 1519 and 1522?

• All five ships and most of the crew successfully returned to Spain.

• Only one ship and a small fraction of the original crew completed the voyage.

• Magellan died, and the expedition was abandoned before reaching the Pacific.

• The fleet discovered a new continent but failed to circumnavigate the globe.

Which indigenous empire did Hernan Cortés encounter and eventually conquer in present-day Mexico?

• The Inca Empire

• The Maya Civilization

• The Aztec Empire

• The Olmec Civilization